Citing Sources Guide

Iona University Libraries Research Guide on Citing Source

Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name Reference Page Examples

* The two styles are identical except for the order of the references.

Reference List

If you use citation-sequence, the reference list is numerical
If you use citation-name, the reference list is alphabetical

Journal Article from a Database

Format:

Author(s). Article title. Journal title. [medium]. Date;volume(issue):pages. Notes.

Example:

Kemker BE, Stierwalt JAG, LaPointe LL, Heald GR. Effects of a cell phone conversation on cognitive processing performances. J Amer Acad Audiol. [database]. 2009;20(9):582-588. Academic Search Premier. http://web.ebscohost.com/ academic/academic-search-premier.

Journal Article online (not within a database)

Format:

Author(s). Article title. Journal title. [medium]. Date;volume(issue):pages. Notes.

Example:

Voelker R. Medical simulation gets real. JAMA [Internet]. 2009;302(20):2190-2192. http:// jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/302/20/2190.

Journal Article in Print

Format:

Author(s). Title of article. Title of Journal. Date;volume(issue):pages.

Example:

Reutemann A, Lucero L, Guarise N, Vigetti AC. Structure of the cyperaceae inflorescence. Bot Rev. 2012;78(2):184-204.

Newspaper Article in Print

Format:

Author(s). Title of article. Title of newspaper (Edition/ add location if not indicated in title). Date;section:beginning page of article (column number).

Example:

Singer N. Artery disease in some very old patients: doctors test mummies at a Cairo museum and find signs of atherosclerosis. New York Times (New England Ed.). 2009 Nov 24;Sect. D:6 (col. 3).

Book Online

Format:

Author(s). Title. Edition. Publication City (State): Publisher; Date. [accessed/updated Year Month Day]. Notes.

Example:

Dean L. Blood groups and red cell antigens. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine; 2005. [accessed 2021 Oct 22]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/ br.fcgi?book=rbcantigen.

List up to ten authors. For eleven or more authors list the first ten and then add et al.

Book with one Author

Format:

Author. Title. Edition. Publication City (State): Publisher; Date of publication.

Example:

Singh S. Big bang: the origin of the universe. New York (NY): Fourth Estate; 2004

Book with more than one Author

Format:

Author(s) et al. Title. Publication City (State): Publisher; Date of publication.

Example:

Gaines SM, Eglinton G, Rullkotter J. Echoes of life: what fossil molecules reveal about Earth history. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 2009.

Book with an Editor

Format:

Author(s). Title of book. Edition. Editor(s), editors. Publication City (State): Publisher; Date of publication.

Example:

Carson R. The sea around us. Dawkins R, editor. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 1951.

Chapter of a Book

Format:

Author(s). Title of book. Publication Place: Publication City (State): Date of publication. Chapter number, Title of chapter; p. pages.

Example:

Gilder L. The age of entanglement: when quantum physics was reborn. New York (NY): Knopf; 2008. Chapter 13, Solvay 1927; p. 110-127.

Book with an Organization for the Author

Format:

Organization Name. Title. Publication City (State): Publisher; Date of publication.

Example:

National Research Council. Black and smokeless powders: technologies for finding bombs and the bomb makers. Washington (DC): National Academy Press; 1998.

Website

Format:

Title of Site. Publication City (State): Publisher; Date of publication [updated/accessed Year Month Day]. URL.

Example:

American Wind Energy Association. Washington (DC): American Wind Energy Association; 1996-2013 [accessed 2022 Mar 17]. http://www.awea.org.

Page of a Website

Format:

Title of Site. Publication City (State): Publisher; Year of site publication. Title of part; Date Month Day of part publication [updated/accessed Year Month Day]; [length of part]. URL of part.

Example:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park (NC): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2021 Oct. 6. Lead; 2021 May 26 [accessed 2021 Nov 28]; [about 3 screens]. https://www.epa.gov/air-trends/lead-trends.

If your professor permits the use of AI, CSE recommends treating AI-generated content as personal communication.

- Cite personal communication in-text only, NOT in the References section.
- Include a description of the content created or edited, the name of the language model or tool, version and extension numbers, and manufacturer.

Example:

"I explored the capabilities of ChatGPT by requesting it to 'generate a fictional creature' (ChatGPT [OpenAI], personal communication, 10 May 2023)."

CSE Editors guidance:

- AI tools should not be listed as authors because they cannot be responsible or accountable for the work's accuracy, integrity, and originality.
- Authors should disclose their use of AI tools in submissions.
- Human authors must be accountable for all aspects of the manuscript, including AI-assisted content accuracy, absence of plagiarism, and proper attribution of sources.

Additional information on artificial intelligence is found on the CSE Guidance on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Tools page of the Science Editor at https://www.csescienceeditor.org/article/cse-guidance-on-machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence-tools/.

Name-Year Reference Page Examples

Reference List

If you use name-year, the reference list is alphabetical
The date follows the author's name

Journal Article from a Database

Format:

Author(s). Date of publication. TiTle of article. Title of journal. [date updated; date accessed];Volume(issue):pages. URL.

Example:

Kemker BE, Stierwalt JAG, LaPointe LL, Heald GR. 2009. Effects of a cell phone conversation on cognitive processing performances. J Amer Acad Audiol. [cited 2013 Nov 29];20(9):582-588. Academic Search Premier. http://web.ebscohost.com/ academic/academic-search-premier.

Journal Article Online

Format:

Author(s). Date of publication. Tile of article. Title of journal. [date updated; date accessed];Volume(issue):pages. URL.

Example:

Voelker R. 2009. Medical simulation gets real. JAMA. [cited 2013 Nov 25];302(20):2190-2192. http:// jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/302/20/2190.

Journal Article in Print

Format:

Author(s). Date of publication. Tile of article. Title of journal. Volume(issue):pages.

Example:

Reutemann A, Lucero L, Guarise N, Vigetti AC. 2012. Structure of the cyperaceae inflorescence. Bot Rev. 78(2):184-204.

Newspaper Article Online

Format:

Author(s). Date of publication. Tile of article. Title of newspaper (edition). [date updated; date accessed];Volume(issue):pages. URL.

Example:

Res, E. 2010 Oct 05. Toiling against a deadly disease to save a threatened frog. New York Times. [accessed 2015 Jul 22]. http://rocky.iona.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/toiling-against-deadly-disease-save-threatened/docview/756270990/se-2?accountid=3575.

Newspaper Article in Print

Format:

Author(s). Date of publication. Title of article. Title of Newspaper (Edition). Section: beginning page of article (column no.).

Example:

Singer N. 2009 Nov 24. Artery disease in some very old patients: doctors test mummies at a Cairo museum and find signs of atherosclerosis. New York Times (New England Ed.). Sect. D:6 (col. 3).

Book Online

Format:

Author(s). Date of publication. Title. Edition. Publication City (State): Publisher; [updated/accessed Year Month Day]. URL.

Example:

Dean L. 2005. Blood groups and red cell antigens. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine; [accessed 2013 Nov 25]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/bookshelf/ br.fcgi?book=rbcantigen.

Book with a Single Author

Format:

Author. Date of publication. Title. Publication City (State): Publisher. Notes.

Example:

Singh S. 2004. Big bang: the origin of the universe. New York (NY): Fourth Estate.

List up to ten authors. For eleven or more authors list the first ten and then add et al.

Book with more than one Author

Format:

Author(s). Date of publication. Title. Publication City (State): Publisher.

Example:

Gaines SM, Eglinton G, Rullkotter J, et al. 2009. Echoes of life: what fossil molecules reveal about Earth history. New York (NY): Oxford University Press.

Chapter of a Book

Format:

Author(s). Date of publication. Title of book. Publication City (State): Publisher; Chapter number, Title of chapter; p. pages.

Example:

Gilder L. 2008. The age of entanglement: when quantum physics was reborn. New York (NY): Knopf; Chapter 13, Solvay 1927; p. 110-127.

Book with an Editor

Format:

Author(s). Date of publication. Title of book. Edition.Editor(s), editors. Publication City (State): Publisher.

Example:

Carson R. 1951.The sea around us. Dawkins R, editor. New York (NY): Oxford University Press.

Book with an Organization for the Author

Format:

Organization Name. Date of publication. Title. Publication City (State): Publisher.

Example:

National Research Council. 1998. Black and smokeless powders: technologies for finding bombs and the bomb makers. Washington (DC): National Academy Press.

Website

Format:

Title of Homepage. Date of publication. Edition. Publication City (State): Publisher; [updated/accessed Year Month Day]. URL.

Example:

American Wind Energy Association. 2018. Washington (DC): American Wind Energy Association; [accessed 2019 Mar 17]. http://www.awea.org.

Page of a Website

Format:

Title of Site. Date of site publication. Publication City (State): Publisher; Title of part; Date of part publication [updated/accessed Year Month Day]; [length of part]. URL of part.

Example:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2021 Oct. 6. Research Triangle Park (NC): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Lead; 2021 May 26 [accessed 2021 Nov 28]; [about 3 screens]. https://www.epa.gov/air-trends/lead-trends.

If your professor permits the use of AI, CSE recommends treating AI-generated content as personal communication.

Example:

"I explored the capabilities of ChatGPT by requesting it to 'generate a fictional creature' (ChatGPT [OpenAI], personal communication, 10 May 2023)."

CSE Editors guidance: