Citing Sources Guide

Iona University Libraries Research Guide on Citing Source

Citation Examples

Use the author's last name, then a comma followed by the publication date within parentheses. Direct quotes need a page or paragraph number.

Single author

(Mantel, 2021)

(Mantel, 2021, p. 304)

Two authors

(King & Straub, 2021)

(King & Straub, 2021, p. 99)

Multiple authors (more than two)

(Griliches et al., 2021)

Paragraph number: (Griliches et al., 2021, para. 23)

No author – Use organization or first noun from work cited

("Tell-tale") or (U.S. Senate)

Paragraph number: ("Tell-tale," 2021, para. 2)

(OpenAI, 2023)

If two authors have the same name - Use initials

(T. Taylor, 2016)

If the work has no date - Use the author's last name and n.d.

(Smith, n.d.)

A narrative citation is when the author's name is used in the written text, attributing the idea to the author with a citation.

Example:

King & Straub (2021) advocate for more intervention when working with young adults in the public school system.

For quotations longer than 40 words, place them in a free-standing block.

Introduce with your own words followed by a colon
Begin on a new line
Indented 0.5
Do not use quotation marks
Do not add a space before or after
Double-space
Do not add a period after the citation
- If the author is introduced in the narrative, only use the page number
- If the author is not introduced in the narrative, use author and year

Example:

A. A. Milne introduces his main character called Edward Bear, only to change the name shortly afterward to Winnie-the-Pooh:

Here is Edward Bear, coming downstairs now, bump, bump, bump, on the back of his head, behind Christopher Robin. It is, as far as he knows, the only way of coming downstairs, but sometimes he feels that there really is another way, if only he could stop bumping for a moment and think of it. And then he feels that perhaps there isn't. Anyhow, here he is at the bottom, and ready to be introduced to you. Winnie-the-Pooh. (1926)

Because the introductory sentence included the author's name in the text, the only citation needed is the page number.

Work Cited

Milne, A A. (1926). Winnie-the-Pooh. E.H. Shepard, Illus.) McClelland & Stewart, Ltd. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/67098/67098-h/67098-h.htm.