Citing Sources Guide

Iona University Libraries Research Guide on Citing Source

Author-Date: Reference Page Examples

Note - This style is not used as frequently as Notes - Bibliography.

Chicago Style Guide to Basic Reference Entry

Rules for the Reference List

The Reference List is titled References and is centered on the page
Skip two lines between the title and the first entry
Entries are single spaced
Hanging indent if entry is more than one line
Skip one line between entries
Entries are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the first author
If there is no author, use the first word of the title of the work
This format is similar to Note/Bibliography, but the date appears directly after the author's name
If more than two authors invert the name of the first author but not the subsequent authors
- Smith, Jones

Format for Single Author:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Article Title." Journal Title Volume (Issue): Page Range of Article. URL/DOI.

Format for Multiple Authors:

Author Last Name, First Name, and First Name Last Name. Year. "Article Title." Journal Title Volume (Issue): Page Range of Article. URL/DOI.

Example:

Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

Format:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Article Title." Magazine Title, Month Day, Year.

Example:

Mead, Rebecca. 2017. “The Prophet of Dystopia.” New Yorker, April 17, 2017.

Format:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Article Title." Newspaper Title, Month Day, Year. URL.

Example:

Manjoo, Farhad. 2017. “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera.” New York Times, March 8, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html.

Note:

Multiple authors: Author Last Name, First Name, and First Name Last Name.

E-books

Format:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. Book Title. Place: Publisher. URL.

Example:

Melville, Herman. 1851. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York: Harper & Brothers. http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.

Edited or translated Print Books

Format:

Author Last Name, First Name, ed. Year. Book Title. Place: Publisher.

Example:

Silverstein, Theodore, trans. 1974. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Chapter in a Print Book

Format:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Chapter/Essay Title." In Book Title, edited by Editor First Name Last Name, Inclusive Pages of Chapter/Essay. Place: Publisher.

Example:

Gould, Glenn. 1984. “Streisand as Schwarzkopf.” In The Glenn Gould Reader, edited by Tim Page, 308–11. New York: Vintage Books.

Print Book

Format:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. Book Title. Place: Publisher.

Example:

Smith, Zadie. 2016. Swing Time. New York: Penguin Press.

Format:

Author Last Name, First Name. Last Modified Year. "Page Title." Website Title. Last modified Month Day, Year. URL.

Example:

Google. 2017. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.

Blog

Format:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Post Title," Blog Title (blog), Month Day, Year. URL.

Example:

Germano, William. 2017. “Futurist Shock.” Lingua Franca (blog), Chronicle of Higher Education. February 15, 2017. http://www.chronicle.com/blogs/linguafranca/2017/02/15/futurist-shock/.

Social Medial

Format:

Author's Real Last Name, First Name (Screen name). Year. "up to 160 characters of text of post." Social Media Service Name, Month Day, Year. URL.

Example:

Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/BDrmfXTtNCt/.

Video

Format:

Author's Real Last Name, First Name (Screen name). Year. "up to 160 characters of text of post." Social Media Service Name, Month Day, Year. URL.

Example:

Episode of a Series

Format:

Director Last Name, First Name, dir. Year aired. TV Show Title., Season number, episode number, "Episode Title." Aired Month Day, Year, on Network. Medium or URL for online access.

Example:

Silberling, Brad, dir. 2014. Jane the Virgin. Season 1, episode 1, "Chapter One." Aired October 13, 2014, on The CW. https://www.netflix.com/title/80027158.

Audio

Format:

Lastn Name, First Name. Date “Speech Title.” Location of speech. Medium, running time. Information on where the recording can be found.

Example:

Coolidge, Calvin. [1920?]. “Equal Rights” (speech). In “American Leaders Speak: Recordings from World War I and the 1920 Election, 1918–1920.” Library of Congress. Copy of an undated 78 rpm disc, RealAudio and WAV formats, 3:45. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/nfhtml/.

Film

Format:

Director Last Name, First Name, dir. Original Film Release Year. Film Title. Place: Studio/Distributor, Release Year of Medium Used. Medium.

Example:

Scott, Ridley, dir. 1991. Thelma & Louise. Santa Monica, CA: MGM Home Entertainment, 2004. DVD.

If your professor permits the use of AI, Chicago requires that you credit AI-generated material with an in-text citation but do not include it on the reference page.

In-text citation example:

(ChatGPT, May 4, 2023)

Additional information on artificial intelligence is found on the Style Q&A page of The Chicago Manual of Style Online at chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/Documentation/faq0422.html